Modules in EE have no built-in way to store configuration data (unlike Extensions, in which you can store "settings").
So you'll have to create your own custom database table(s) during module installation, then write to/fetch from that table in your module control panel methods.
The module tutorial in the user guide shows how to create a new table during install, and also how to fetch data in your .mcp file, then pass that data to your view file.
I'd strongly suggest reading through the entire add-on development section of the user guide, it will give you a pretty comprehensive overview of how things work in EE add-on development.