If you don't want people to be able to choose categories in your channel form, you can just use the category="y" parameter in your channel form tag as Mark said:
{exp:channel:form category="y"...}
But, if you do still want to show a select menu etc:
It's not documented from what I can see, but you can use the show_group parameter within the categories tag (an alternative to the category_menu tag see https://ellislab.com/expressionengine/user-guide/add-ons/channel/channel_form/index.html#categories).
Then you could use a conditional within that to only output a certain category. Try the following code:
{categories show_group="x"}
{if '{category_id}' == y}
<option value="{category_id}"{selected}>{category_name}</option>
{/if}
{/categories}
There may well be another parameter for the categories tag which just lets you limit to a particular ID directly without looping.